Nov 27, 2011

Scientific, management theory or principles of scientific management.


Developed by Frederic Winslow Taylor(1856-1915)
1)    apprentice mechanist at cramp ship yard Philadelphia.
2)    machine workshop worker ,gang boss and later chief engineer at mid vale steel works.
3)    Graduated in physics and mathematics from hard rared university and master in engineering from stereos institute .
4)    joined Bethlehem steed company as chief engineering advisory.
5)    in 1901 , wrote book entitled " principles of scientific management."
6)    Still knows  as father of scientific management.

Scientific management principles developed by Taylor.
1. Scientific methods not rule of thumb.
One of the important principles or suggestions given by taylor is replacement of  rules of
Thumb by scientific analysis, observation and experiments .taylor's one best way of performing the activities instead of traditional way of dealing is scientific method which is
Based on the experiments.

2. Harmony.
Taylor suggested to make proper co-ordination and co-ordination between the managers or owners and the workers although the interest between them may be different but maximum effort to make harmony should be tried.


3. Scientific selection of worker and training and development to them:

Taylor suggested to select most appropriate or best workers in the organization by adopting different selection methods. The selection employees should be trained according to the need of organization. Skill development program should also be conducted time or on regular basis.
4.maximum output instead of restricted output:
Taylors another principle is maximum output instead of restricted output. The maximum output gives benefits to the managers by increasing profit and the workers by increasing their wages.
5.Equal division of responsibilities between workers management:
According to Taylor ,there should be equal responsibility between managers and workers to perform the organization  activities more effectively and properly .managers should be responsible to formulate the plans and workers to implement such plan combined effort of both can make success.
6.mental revolution of managers and owners:
According to taylor ,the thinking procedure and concepts thinking of managers and workers should be changed based on scientific methods and techniques .both of them should try to Increase maximum production at lower cost by utilizing their maximum efficiency.
7.co-operation :
The activities of different workers as well as managers should be in close co-operation and in co-ordinate matters. The managers should respect the workers and the workers should respect the manager such type of thinking is  termed as "two way mental  revolution."
Steps of tyalors scientific management:
Step1 develop a science for each element of the job to replace old rule of thumb.
Step2 select workers scientifically and train them to do the jobs as described in step.
Steps3 supervise employees to make sure that they follow prescribed methods for performing the work.
Steps4 è combine planning and work but use workers actually implement the plan.
Advantages to employees
1)    maximization of out put or production .
2)    profit increase
3)    higher efficiency
4)    low cost production
5)    wider market
6)    industrial peace
7)    selection and training of workers

Advantages to workers
1)    higher wages
2)    better working conditions
3)     proper training
Advantages to society
1)    consumer satisfaction.
2)     standard of living
3)     economic progress
4)    best use of resources
disadvantages of taylor's scientific management
criticisms by managers:
1)    more expensive
2)    time consuming
3)    over production
4)    recession
5)    not suitable for all types of organization
6)    re organizing
Criticisms by workers
1)    Monotony
2)    Fatigue

3)    human being are treated as machine
4)    weakness of trade union
1)    *speeding up

Criticisms by psychologist:
1)    One sided  view
2)    separation between planning and doing
3)    frustration
4)    no-one best way

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